All the facts : a history of information in the United States since 1870

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Where to find it

Information & Library Science Library

Call Number
ZA3072.U6 C67 2016
Status
Available

Authors, etc.

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Summary

All the Facts presents a history of the role of information in the United States since 1870, when the nation began a nearly 150-year period of economic prosperity and technological and scientific transformations. James Cortada argues that citizens and their institutions used information extensively as tools to augment their work and private lives and that they used facts to help shape how the nation evolved during these fourteen decades. He argues that information's role has long been a critical component of the work, play, culture, and values of this nation, and no more so than during the twentieth century when its function in society expanded dramatically. While elements of this story have been examined by thousands of scholars - such as the role of radio, newspapers, books, computers, and the Internet, about such institutions as education, big business, expanded roles of governments from town administration to the state house, from agriculture to the services and information industries - All the Facts looks at all of these elements holistically, providing a deeper insight into the way the United States evolved over time. An introduction and 11 chapters describe what this information ecosystem looked like, how it evolved, and how it was used. For another vast layer of information about this subject the reader is directed to the detailed bibliographic essay in the back of this book. It includes a narrative history, case studies in the form of sidebars, and stories illustrating key points. Readers will find, for example, the story of how the US postal system helped create today's information society, along with everything from books and newspapers to TV, computers, and the Internet. The build-up to what many today call the Information Age took a long time to achieve and continues to build momentum. The implications for the world, and not just for the United States, are as profound as any mega-trend one could identify in the history of humankind. All the Facts presents this development thoroughly in an easy-to-digest format that any lover of history, technology, or the history of information and business will enjoy.

Contents

  • List of Illustrations p. xi
  • Preface p. xv
  • Introducing American Information p. 1
  • What Information Is and How It Relates to Knowledge and Skills p. 1
  • Types of Information p. 5
  • Uses and Users of Information in American Life p. 10
  • Facilitators and Restrainers in the Use of Information p. 11
  • Where Information Came From p. 21
  • Key Themes of This Book p. 22
  • Book Plan for Exploring Information's History p. 26
  • 1 A Short Biography of American Information, 1870-1945 p. 28
  • Evolution of American Information p. 29
  • Limits of Information: Restrainers in the Diffusion of Information p. 35
  • Role of New Technologies in Fostering Use of Information p. 39
  • Continuance of Older Forms of Information p. 44
  • Conclusions p. 46
  • 2 Roots of Early Uses of Information: The Birth of an Infrastructure, 1600s-1870 p. 48
  • A Legacy of Literacy and Reading p. 53
  • Patterns of Education and Establishment of Local Libraries p. 63
  • Development of Other Informational Networks p. 71
  • Role of the Federal Government in Creating, Diffusing, and Regulating Flows of Information p. 76
  • Who Could Afford Information and the Influence of Cities p. 80
  • The Birth of Information Privacy Issues p. 86
  • Conclusions on the Roots of Information in America p. 89
  • 3 Big Business and Small Farms Rely on Information, 1870-1941 p. 92
  • How Businesses Changed and Problems Management Needed to Fix p. 94
  • Types of Information Created and Used in Business p. 98
  • Science and Technology Support Uses of Information p. 106
  • Buying, Selling, and Sharing Information in the World of Businesses p. 109
  • The Remarkable Role of Information in Farming p. 117
  • Conclusions on the Use of Information in the Private Sector p. 128
  • 4 Big Government and Small Universities Take On Big Information, 1870-1941 p. 132
  • How Information Affected Presidential Activities in the 1920s-1930s p. 134
  • Growth of the Federal Government, 1870-1941 p. 136
  • Overview of Federal Information Gathering p. 138
  • Role of Three Federal Agencies p. 146
  • When Information Went to War: World War I and Military Run-up to World War II p. 159
  • America's Use of Public Opinion Surveys p. 167
  • Did Information Cause Changes or Just Inform Actions? p. 171
  • How Higher Education Grew and Changed, 1870-1941 p. 172
  • Academic Research and Invention and Use of New Information p. 179
  • Conclusions on the Role of Information in the Public Sector and in Higher Education p. 186
  • 5 How Citizens Became Dependent on Information, 1870-1945 p. 189
  • Home: Epicenter of Private Life Information p. 191
  • Children's Information Ecosystems p. 203
  • The War against Germs p. 205
  • The Informed Vacation p. 212
  • Religion and the Shaping of America's Information p. 218
  • Community Service Clubs: Components of Local Information Ecosystems p. 222
  • "Play Ball!": America's National Sport by the Numbers p. 227
  • The Special Circumstance of World War II p. 230
  • Conclusions on How Private Citizens Used Information p. 233
  • 6 From Pearl Harbor to 9/11: Government and Education in a World of Computers, 1941-2001 p. 236
  • How the Public Sector Was Different after World War II p. 238
  • Warriors Armed with Information p. 243
  • From "Cops and Robbers" to Cybercrime p. 254
  • Taxation Becomes Complicated and Well Informed p. 261
  • How the Rest of Government Became Information Rich p. 265
  • Higher Education: The World's Greatest Supplier of Information p. 268
  • How Schools Used Information, but Teachers Hardly Used Computers p. 273
  • Conclusions p. 279
  • 7 Informing the Business of America, 1945-1998 p. 281
  • Expansion of the Economy and Business in America p. 282
  • Changing Nature of Management, Organizations, and Work p. 287
  • Growing Uses of Information p. 293
  • Characteristics of Information Ecosystems p. 303
  • New Science, New Industries, and New Information p. 305
  • Selling and Buying of Information p. 315
  • Keeping Score on Information and Its Users p. 318
  • Conclusions p. 324
  • 8 Information and the Modern Knowledge Worker, 1945-1998 p. 326
  • Where Have All the Information Workers Gone? p. 328
  • How Blue-Collar Workers Became Knowledge Workers p. 331
  • Professionals and Their Work with Information p. 344
  • Causality and Action: The Power of Place in Informing Workers and Professions p. 362
  • Conclusions p. 365
  • 9 Uses of Information in Everyday Life, 1945-1995 p. 368
  • Growth in the Use of Information Tools p. 371
  • Taking Care of the House and Raising Children p. 385
  • Sports, Hobbies, and Vacationing p. 395
  • Interacting with the Rest of America: Church, Community, and Government p. 401
  • Information Found in Public Spaces p. 407
  • Privacy as an Information Issue in Modern Times p. 410
  • How Effective Were Americans in Using Information? p. 412
  • 10 The Internet and Modern Uses of Information p. 415
  • A Short History of the Internet p. 417
  • How Americans Used the Internet to Find Information p. 426
  • How Businesses and Government Used the Internet p. 440
  • The Status of Twenty-First-Century Information p. 447
  • Conclusions p. 451
  • 11 How Americans Used Information to Shape Their Society p. 455
  • The Role of Information in America p. 458
  • The Personality of Information p. 461
  • Insights for Historians, Sociologists, and Economists p. 465
  • Implications for Business Management p. 469
  • Implications for Public Officials p. 473
  • Implications for Americans in Everyday Life p. 475
  • Information: The American Experience p. 479
  • Notes p. 481
  • Bibliographic Essay p. 575
  • Index p. 611

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