The Oxford handbook of the use of force in international law

The prohibition of the use of force in international law is one of the major achievements of international law in the past century. The attempt to outlaw war as a means of national policy and to establish a system of collective security after both World Wars resulted in the creation of the United Nations Charter, which remains a principal point of reference for the law on the use of force to this day. There have, however, been considerable challenges to the law on the prohibition of the use of force over the past two decades. This Oxford Handbook is a comprehensive and authoritative study of the modern law on the use of force. Over seventy experts in the field offer a detailed analysis, and to an extent a restatement, of the law in this area. The Handbook reviews the status of the law on the use of force, and assesses what changes, if any, have occurred in consequence to recent developments. It offers cutting-edge and up-to-date scholarship on all major aspects of the prohibition of the use of force. The work is set in context by an extensive introductory section, reviewing the history of the subject, recent challenges, and addressing major conceptual approaches. Its second part addresses collective security, in particular the law and practice of the United Nations organs, and of regional organizations and arrangements. It then considers the substance of the prohibition of the use of force, and of the right to self-defence and associated doctrines. The next section is devoted to armed action undertaken on behalf of peoples and populations. This includes self-determination conflicts, resistance to armed occupation, and forcible humanitarian and pro-democratic action. The possibility of the revival of classical, expansive justifications for the use of force is then addressed. This is matched by a final section considering new security challenges and the emerging law in relation to them. Finally, the key arguments developed in the book are tied together in a substantive conclusion. The Handbook will be essential reading for scholars and students of international law and the use of force, and legal advisers to both government and NGOs.

• I Introduction
• 1 The History of the Prohibition of the Use of Force Randall Lesaffer
• 2 The Debate about the Prohibition of the Use of Force and Collective Security as a Structural Element of International Relations Discourse Through the Centuries Daniele Archibugi and Mariano Croce and Andrea Salvatore
• 3 The Limitations of Traditional Rules and Institutions Relating to the Use of Force Michael Glennon
• 4 The Enduring Relevance of Traditional Rules and Institutions Relating to the Use of Force James Crawford
• 5 Feminist Perspectives on the Law on the Use of Force Gina Heathcote
• 6 Exeptionalism, Lawfulness, and Legitimacy and the Rules on the Use of Force Matthew Happold
• 7 The Use of Force as Enforcement of the International Legal Order? Jean d'Aspremont
• 8 Changing Jus Cogens through State Practice? - the Case of the Prohibition of the Use of Force Alexander Orakhelashvili
• II Collective Security and the Non-use of Force
• 9 Reconfiguring the UN System of Collective Security Ramesh Thakur
• 10 The Breadth and Scope of UN Security Council Forcible Mandates Dan Sarooshi
• 11 Security Council Authorizations to Use Force: Recent Developments Niels Blocker
• 12 When the Council Fails to Act: The Theories of the Unreasonable Veto, Implied Mandates and Devolution of Authority from the Security Council to Other Actors Ian Johnstone
• 13 No-Fly Zones and Maritime Exclusion Zones in Security Council Practice Rob McLaughlin
• 14 Military Sanctions Enforcement in the Absence of Express Authorization Penelope Nevill
• 15 The Relationship Between the UN Security Council and General Assembly in Matters of International Peace and Security Nigel D. White
• 16 Regional Organizations and Arrangements: Authorization, Ratification or Independent Action Erika de Wet
• 17 Justicibility of Matters Concerning the Use of Force, including issues addressed by the UN Security Council, before the ICJ Mark Weisburd
• 18 The Use of Force in Complex Peace-keeping and Governance Operations Scott Sheeran
• 19 Protection of Civilians in Security Council Practice Haidi Willmot
• 20 Self-defence, Protection of Humanitarian Values and the Doctrine of Impartiality and Neutrality in Enforcement Mandates Nicholas Tsagourias
• 21 Transparency, Accountability, and Responsibility for Internationally Mandated Operations Charlotte Ku
• 22 Failure to Protect: Recent Experiences Andre Nollkaemper
• III The Prohibition of the Use of Force, Self-Defence, and other Concepts
• 23 Article 2(4) History and Present Content Nico Schrijver
• 24 Intervention, Armed Intervention, Armed Attack, Threat to Peace, Act of Aggression, and Threat or Use of Force - What's the Difference Jan Klabbers
• 25 Non-aggression in the African Union Chaloka Beyani
• 26 The Prohibition of the Use of Force and Non-intervention: Ambition and Practice in the OAS region Jen Michel Arrighi
• 27 The Crime of Aggression at the ICC Sean Murphy
• 28 The Prohibition of the Use of Force and Self-defence in ICJ Jurisprudence Claus Kress
• 29 The Prohibition of the Use of Force in Arbitrations and Fact-Finding Reports Roger O'Keefe
• 30 The Resilience of the Restrictive Rules on Self-defence Jorg Kammerhofer
• 31 Self-defence and Collective Security: Key Distinctions Sir Michael Wood
• 32 Taming the Doctrine of Preemption Ashley Deeks
• 33 Can Non-state Actors Mount an Armed Attack? Kimberley Trapp
• 34 The Problem of Imminence in an Uncertain World Noam Lubell
• 35 Action against Host States of Terrorist Groups Lindsay Moir
• 36 When Does Self-defence End? Terry Gill
• 37 Theatre of Operations Jean Christophe Martin
• 38 Rendition and Abduction Gregory S. McNeil
• IV Action on Behalf of Peoples and Populations
• 39 Humanitarian Intervention Sir Nigel Rodley
• 40 Pro-democratic Action David Wippman
• 41 Intervention by Invitation Gregory H. Fox
• 42 Self-determination Movements Elizabeth Chadwick
• 43 Resistance to Armed Occupation Francoise Hampson
• 44 A Unifying Theory of Forcible Action on Behalf of Peoples and Populations Marc Weller
• V Revival of Classical Concepts?
• 45 Necessity Olivier Corten
• 46 Retaliation and Reprisal Shane Darcy
• 47 Hot Pursuit Bill Gilmore
• 48 The Threat of the Use of Force and Ultimata Pierre Bodeau Livinec
• 49 Blockades and Interdictions Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg
• 50 Rescuing Nationals Abroad Mathias Forteau
• 51 Peace Agreements and the Use of Force Martin Waelisch
• 52 The Effects of a State of War or Armed Conflict Marina Mancini
• VI Emerging Areasn
• 53 Opposing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Delivery Vehicles through Interdiction Operations Guglielmo Verdirame and Vasco Becker Weinberg
• 54 The Implications of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction for the Prohibition of the Use of Force Daniel Joyner
• 55 Forcible Action to Combat Piracy Douglas Guilfoyle
• 56 An Unending Theatre of Operations: War on Terror? Bill Burke White
• 57 The Changing Environment and Emerging Resource Conflicts Marco Pertile
• 58 Remotely Piloted Warfare as a Challenge to the Ius ad Bellum Jordan Paust
• 59 Cyber 'Attacks' - is the Law on the Use of Force ever Involved Michael Schmidt
• 60 Private Military Companies and the Ius ad Bellum Ian Ralby
• VII General Problems
• 61 Ius Cogens Restrictions on, or Demands for, Forcible Action Andre de Hoogh
• 62 Proportionality Theodora Christodoulidou and Kalliopi Chainoglou
• 63 The Interrelationship of the Ius ad bellum and the Ius in bello Keiichiro Okimoto
• 64 Responsibility for the Misidentification of Circumstances Justifying the Use of Force Stefan Talmon
• 65 Third States and the Use of Force Luigi Condorelli and Paolo Palchetti
• VIII Conclusion
• 66 Conclusion Marc Weller