New directions in information organization

New Directions in Information Organization, co-edited by Dr. Jung-ran Park and Dr. Lynne Howarth seeks to provide an overview and understanding of the future directions, leading edge theories and models for research and practice in information organization. New information standards and digital library technologies are being developed at a rapid pace as diverse communities of practice seek new ways to organize massive quantities of digital resources. Today's digital information explosion creates an increased demand for new perspectives, methods and tools for research and practice in information organization. This new direction in information organization is even more critical owing to changing user needs and expectations in conjunction with the collaborative and decentralized nature of bibliographic control. The general aim of this book is to present the current state of the digital information revolution with the associated opportunities and challenges to information organization. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, it presents broad, holist and more integrated perspective on the nature of information organization and examines new direction in information organization research and thinking. The book highlights the need to understand information organization and the Web 2.0 in the context of the rapidly changing information world and provides an overview of key trends and further research.

• List of Contributors p. xiii
• Editorial Advisory Board p. xv
• Introduction p. xvii
• Section I Semantic Web, Linked Data, and RDA
• 1 Organizing Bibliographical Data with RDA: How Far Have We Stridden Toward the Semantic Web? p. 3 Sharon Q. Yang and Yan Yi Lee
• 1.1 Introduction p. 4
• 1.2 IFLA Standards and RDA Development p. 4
• 1.3 Semantic Web Technologies p. 5
• 1.3.1 URI: Uniform Resource Identifier p. 7
• 1.3.2 RDF: Resource Description Framework p. 8
• 1.3.3 Ontologies and Vocabularies p. 9
• 1.3.4 Storage of RDF Data p. 10
• 1.4 RDA and the Semantic Web p. 11
• 1.5 RDA in the United States p. 14
• 1.6 RDA in Other Countries p. 17
• 1.7 Future Prospects p. 21
• 1.8 Conclusion p. 23
• References p. 24
• 2 Keeping Libraries Relevant in the Semantic Web with RDA: Resource Description and Access p. 29 Barbara B. Tillett
• 2.1 Introduction p. 30
• 2.2 How Did We Get to this Point? p. 30
• 2.3 Collaborations p. 32
• 2.4 Technical Developments p. 33
• 2.5 So What Is Different? p. 34
• 2.5.1 RDA Toolkit p. 36
• 2.5.2 The U.S. RDA Test p. 36
• 2.5.3 RDA Benefits p. 38
• 2.5.4 RDA, MARC, and Beyond p. 39
• 2.5.5 Implementation of RDA p. 39
• 2.6 Conclusion p. 40
• 3 Filling in the Blanks in RDA or Remaining Blank? The Strange Case of FRSAD p. 43 Alan Poulter
• 3.1 Introduction p. 44
• 3.2 Chapter Overview p. 44
• 3.3 Before FRSAD p. 45
• 3.4 Precursors to FRSAD p. 46
• 3.5 The Arrival of FRSAD p. 50
• 3.6 Implementing FRSAD with PRECIS p. 52
• 3.7 What Future for FRSAD in Filling the Blanks in RDA? p. 57
• References p. 58
• 4 Organizing and Sharing Information Using Linked Data p. 61 Ziyoung Park and Heejung Kim
• 4.1 Introduction p. 62
• 4.2 Basic Concepts of Linked Data p. 62
• 4.2.1 From Web of Hypertext to Web of Data p. 62
• 4.2.2 From Data Silos to Linked Open Data p. 64
• 4.3 Principles of Linked Data p. 64
• 4.3.1 Rule 1: Using URIs us Names for Things p. 64
• 4.3.2 Rule 2: Using HTTP URIs so that Users can Look Up Those Names p. 65
• 4.3.3 Rule 3: When Looking Up a URI, Useful Information has to be Provided Using the Standards p. 66
• 4.3.4 Rule 4: Including Links to Other URIs so that Users can Discover More Things p. 69
• 4.4 Linked Data in Library Environments p. 71
• 4.4.1 Benefits of Linked Data in Libraries p. 71
• 4.4.1.1 Benefits to researchers, students, and patrons p. 71
• 4.4.1.2 Benefits to organizations p. 72
• 4.4.1.3 Benefits to librarians, archivists, and curators p. 72
• 4.4.1.4 Benefits to developers and vendors p. 72
• 4.5 Suggestions for Library Linked Data p. 73
• 4.5.1 The Necessity of Library Linked Data p. 73
• 4.5.2 Library Data that Needs Connections p. 74
• 4.5.3 The Development of the FRBR Family and RDA p. 75
• 4.6 Current Library-Related Data p. 75
• 4.6.1 Linking Open Data Projects p. 75
• 4.6.2 Library Linked Data Incubator Group: Use Cases p. 77
• 4.6.3 Linked Data for Bibliographic Records p. 79
• 4.6.3.1 British National Bibliography linked data p. 79
• 4.6.3.2 Open Library linked data p. 79
• 4.6.4 Linked Data for Authority Records p. 80
• 4.6.4.1 VIAF linked data p. 80
• 4.6.4.2 LC linked data service p. 81
• 4.6.4.3 FAST linked data p. 85
• 4.7 Conclusion p. 85
• Acknowledgment p. 86
• References p. 86
• Section II Web 2.0. Technologies and Information Organization
• 5 Social Cataloging; Social Cataloger p. 91 Shawne Miksa
• 5.1 Introduction p. 92
• 5.2 Background p. 94
• 5.3 Review of Literature/Studies of User-Contributed / Contents 2006-2012 p. 97
• 5.3.1 Phenomenon of Social Tagging and What to Call It p. 97
• 5.3.2 A Good Practice? p. 98
• 5.3.3 Systems Reconfigurations p. 99
• 5.3.4 Cognitive Aspects and Information Behavior p. 99
• 5.3.5 Quality p. 101
• 5.4 Social Cataloging; Social Cataloger p. 102
• 5.5 Social Epistemology and Social Cataloging p. 103
• References p. 104
• 6 Social Indexing: A Solution to the Challenges of Current Information Organization p. 107 Yimseon Choi
• 6.1 Introduction p. 108
• 6.2 Information Organization on the Web p. 109
• 6.2.1 BUBL p. 111
• 6.2.2 Intute p. 112
• 6.2.3 Challenges with Current Organization Systems p. 144
• 6.3 Social Tagging in Organizing Information on the Web p. 117
• 6.3.1 Definitions of Terms p. 117
• 6.3.2 An Exemplary Social Tagging Site: Delicious p. 118
• 6.3.3 Combination of Controlled Vocabulary and Uncontrolled Vocabulary p. 119
• 6.3.4 Social Indexing p. 120
• 6.3.5 Criticisms of Folksonomy p. 128
• 6.4 Conclusions and Future Directions p. 130
• Acknowledgments p. 131
• References p. 131
• 7 Organizing Photographs: Past and Present p. 137 Emma Stuart
• 7.1 Introduction p. 138
• 7.2 From Analog to Digital p. 138
• 7.2.1 Organization p. 139
• 7.2.2 New Found Freedoms p. 140
• 7.3 Web 2.0: Photo Management Sites p. 143
• 7.3.1 Tagging p. 144
• 7.3.2 Sharing p. 146
• 7.4 Camera Phones: A New Realm of Photography p. 147
• 7.4.1 Citizen Journalism p. 149
• 7.4.2 Apps p. 150
• 7.5 Conclusion p. 152
• References p. 153
• Section III Library Catalogs: Toward an Interactive Network of Communication
• 8 VuFind - An OPAC 2.0? p. 159 Birong Ho and Laura Home-Popp
• 8.1 Introduction p. 160
• 8.2 Choosing a Web 2.0 OPAC Interface p. 161
• 8.3 Implementation of VuFind p. 163
• 8.4 Usability, Usage, and Feedback of VuFind p. 164
• 8.5 Conclusion p. 167
• 8.6 Term Definition p. 168
• References p. 169
• 9 Faceted Search in Library Catalogs p. 173 Xi Niu
• 9.1 Background p. 174
• 9.2 Context: Information-Seeking Behavior in Online Library Catalog Environments p. 175
• 9.2.1 Brief History of Online Public Access Catalogs (OPACs) p. 175
• 9.2.2 Search Behavior p. 177
• 9.2.2.1 Searching and Browsing p. 178
• 9.2.2.2 Focused Searching p. 178
• 9.2.2.3 Exploratory Search p. 179
• 9.2.3 Ways People Search Using OPACs p. 180
• 9.3 Facet Theory and Faceted Search p. 183
• 9.3.1 Facet Theory and Faceted Classification p. 183
• 9.3.1.2 Before the Web: Early Application (1950-1999) p. 184
• 9.3.1.3 On the Web: Faceted Information Retrieval (2000-present) p. 185
• 9.3.2 Faceted Search p. 185
• 9.4 Academic Research on Faceted Search p. 186
• 9.4.1 Well-Known Faceted Search Projects p. 186
• 9.4.2 Faceted Search Used in Library Catalogs p. 191
• 9.4.3 Empirical Studies on Faceted OPAC Interfaces p. 196
• 9.5 Overview of the Author's Dissertation p. 198
• 9.6 Conclusions and Future Directions p. 199
• 9.6.1 Incorporate Browsing Facets p. 201
• 9.6.2 Add/Remove Facets Selectively p. 201
• 9.6.3 Provide a Flat vs. Hierarchical Structure p. 202
• 9.6.4 Provide Popular vs. Long-Tail Data p. 202
• 9.6.5 Consolidate the Same Types of Facet Values p. 202
• 9.6.6 Support "AND," "OR," and "NOT" Selections p. 203
• 9.6.7 Incorporate Predictable Schema p. 203
• References p. 203
• 10 Doing More With Less: Increasing the Value of the Consortial Catalog p. 209 Elizabeth J. Cox and Stephanie Graves and Andrea Imre and Cassie Wagner
• 10.1 Introduction p. 210
• 10.2 Project Background p. 211
• 10.2.1 Catalog System and Organization p. 211
• 10.2.2 Interface Customization p. 212
• 10.2.3 Universal Borrowing p. 214
• 10.2.4 Universal Borrowing Implications p. 214
• 10.2.5 Account Creation p. 215
• 10.2.6 Concerns Related to Local Cataloging Practices p. 217
• 10.2.7 Website Changes p. 219
• 10.3 Evaluation and Assessment p. 220
• 10.3.1 Consortial Borrowing Statistics p. 220
• 10.3.2 Usability Testing p. 221
• 10.3.3 Usability Test Results p. 222
• 10.4 Conclusions and Next Steps p. 225
• 10.A.1 Appendix. Usability Test Questions p. 227
• References p. 227
• 11 All Metadata Politics Is Local: Developing Meaningful Quality Standards p. 229 Sarah H. Theimer
• 11.1 Introduction p. 230
• 11.2 The Importance of Quality p. 231
• 11.3 Defining Quality p. 232
• 11.3.1 Quality and Priorities p. 234
• 11.4 What to Measure: Dimensions of Quality p. 234
• 11.4.1 General Data Studies p. 234
• 11.4.2 Web Quality Studies p. 235
• 11.4.3 Metadata Quality Studies p. 235
• 11.4.4 User Satisfaction Studies p. 236
• 11.4.5 Dimension Discussion p. 236
• 11.4.6 Timeliness p. 237
• 11.4.7 Consistency p. 237
• 11.4.8 Completeness p. 238
• 11.4.9 Trust p. 239
• 11.4.10 Relevance p. 239
• 11.5 What Tasks Should Metadata Perform? p. 240
• 11.6 User Expectations p. 240
• 11.6.1 User Needs p. 240
• 11.6.2 Online Expectations p. 240
• 11.6.3 Online Reading p. 241
• 11.6.4 Online Searching p. 241
• 11.6.5 Local Users and Needs p. 241
• 11.7 Assessing Local Quality p. 242
• 11.7.1 Define a Population p. 242
• 11.7.2 Understand the Environment p. 243
• 11.7.3 Measuring Quality p. 243
• 11.7.4 Criteria p. 243
• 11.7.5 Understand the Data p. 245
• 11.8 Communication p. 246
• 11.8.1 Communicate Facts p. 246
• 11.8.2 Remember All Audience Members p. 246
• 11.8.3 Design a Score Card p. 246
• 11.9 Conclusion p. 247
• References p. 247
• Conclusion: What New Directions in Information Organization Augurs for the Future p. 251
• Index p. 261