Multimedia services in wireless internet : modeling and analysis

Learn how to provide seamless, high quality multimedia for the wireless Internet

This book introduces the promising protocols for multimedia services and presents the analytical frameworks for measuring their performance in wireless networks. Furthermore, the book shows how to fine-tune the parameters for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in order to illustrate the effect that QoS has upon the stability, integrity and growth of next generation wireless Internet. In addition, the authors provide the tools required to implement this understanding. These tools are particularly useful for design and engineering network architecture and protocols for future wireless Internet. Additionally, the book provides a good overview of wireless networks, while also appealing to network researchers and engineers.

Key Features :

Provides a comprehensive and analytical understanding of the performance of multimedia services in wireless Internet, and the tools to implement such an understanding Addresses issues such as IEEE 802.11, AIMD/RED (Additive Increase-Multiplicative Decrease/ Random Early Detection), multimedia traffic models, congestion control and random access networks Investigates the impact of wireless characteristics on QoS constraint multimedia applications Includes a case study on AIMD for multimedia playback applications Features numerous examples, suggested reading and review questions for each chapter

This book is an invaluable resource for postgraduate students undertaking courses in wireless networks and multimedia services, students studying advanced graduate courses in electrical engineering and computer science, and researchers and engineers in the field of wireless networks.

• About the Series Editors p. xi
• About the Authors p. xiii
• Preface p. xv
• 1 Introduction p. 1
• 1.1 Convergence of Wireless Systems and the Internet p. 1
• 1.2 Main Challenges in Supporting Multimedia Services p. 3
• 1.3 Organization of the Text p. 7
• 2 Packet-level Wireless Channel Model p. 9
• 2.1 Introduction p. 9
• 2.2 Finite-state Markov Model for Fast Fading Channels p. 10
• 2.2.1 Finite-state Markov model for Rayleigh fading channels p. 10
• 2.2.2 Mapping finite-state Markov chain to two-state Markov chain p. 12
• 2.3 Channel Model for Frequency-selective Fading Wireless Channels p. 13
• 2.3.1 The Nakagami-m fading model p. 15
• 2.3.2 LCR in the frequency domain p. 16
• 2.3.3 FSMC in the frequency domain p. 17
• 2.3.4 FSMC model for OFDM systems p. 19
• 2.3.5 Simulation study p. 20
• 2.4 Channel Model for Indoor UWB Wireless Channels with Shadowing p. 24
• 2.4.1 The angular power spectral density of UWB signals p. 26
• 2.4.2 People-shadowing effect on UWB channels p. 31
• 2.4.3 Performance of MB-OFDM link with the people-shadowing effect p. 33
• 2.4.4 Markov model for UWB channel with people shadowing p. 36
• 2.4.5 Numerical results p. 38
• 2.5 Summary p. 40
• 2.6 Problems p. 42
• 3 Multimedia Traffic Model p. 45
• 3.1 Modeling VoIP Traffic p. 45
• 3.1.1 VoIP p. 45
• 3.1.2 VoIP traffic model p. 47
• 3.2 Modeling Video Traffic p. 49
• 3.2.1 Mini-source video model p. 49
• 3.2.2 A simple, two-level Markovian traffic model p. 51
• 3.3 Performance Study of Video over Wired and Wireless Links p. 55
• 3.3.1 Transmission over a wired link p. 58
• 3.3.2 Transmission over a wireless link p. 59
• 3.3.3 Multiplexing heterogeneous traffic with class-based queueing p. 60
• 3.3.4 Simulation results p. 63
• 3.4 Scalable Source Coding p. 70
• 3.5 Summary p. 71
• 3.6 Problems p. 71
• 4 AIMD Congestion Control p. 75
• 4.1 Introduction p. 75
• 4.2 AIMD Protocol Overview p. 77
• 4.2.1 Acknowledgment scheme p. 77
• 4.2.2 Flow and congestion control p. 78
• 4.2.3 Advantages of the window-based AIMD mechanism p. 81
• 4.3 TCP-friendly AIMD Parameters p. 81
• 4.3.1 One TCP and one AIMD flow p. 82
• 4.3.2 Multi-class AIMD flows p. 85
• 4.3.3 Variable packet size and rtt p. 86
• 4.3.4 Comparison with other binomial schemes p. 86
• 4.4 Properties of AIMD p. 87
• 4.4.1 AIMD effectiveness p. 87
• 4.4.2 AIMD responsiveness p. 90
• 4.4.3 Practical implications p. 93
• 4.4.4 An enhanced AIMD algorithm - DTAIMD p. 94
• 4.5 Case Study: Multimedia Playback Applications with Service Differentiation p. 95
• 4.5.1 Multimedia playback applications p. 95
• 4.5.2 Service differentiation p. 97
• 4.6 Performance Evaluation p. 98
• 4.6.1 Performance of AIMD algorithms p. 99
• 4.6.2 QoS for multimedia playback applications p. 107
• 4.7 Summary p. 110
• 4.8 Problems p. 111
• 5 Stability Property and Performance Bounds of the Internet p. 115
• 5.1 A Fluid-flow Model of the AIMD/RED System p. 117
• 5.2 Stability and Fairness Analysis with Delay-free Marking p. 118
• 5.2.1 Stability of the homogeneous AIMD/RED system p. 118
• 5.2.2 Stability of the heterogeneous AIMD/RED system p. 120
• 5.2.3 TCP-friendliness and differentiated services p. 123
• 5.2.4 Numerical results p. 124
• 5.3 Boundedness of the Homogeneous-flow AIMD/RED system with Time Delay p. 124
• 5.3.1 Upper bound on window size p. 128
• 5.3.2 Lower bound on window size and upper bound on queue length p. 129
• 5.3.3 Performance evaluation p. 132
• 5.4 Summary p. 140
• 5.5 Problems p. 140
• 6 AIMD in Wireless Internet p. 143
• 6.1 Introduction p. 143
• 6.2 Related Work p. 145
• 6.2.1 TCP over wireless networks p. 145
• 6.2.2 Using rwnd to enhance TCP performance p. 146
• 6.3 System Model p. 147
• 6.3.1 QoS indexes for delay-sensitive applications p. 147
• 6.3.2 Wireless link throughput distribution p. 148
• 6.4 Analytical Model for Window-controlled Flows p. 151
• 6.4.1 Single flow, sufficient buffer p. 151
• 6.4.2 Single flow, limited buffer p. 153
• 6.4.3 Multiple flows p. 154
• 6.4.4 Local retransmission delay p. 156
• 6.4.5 Delay control for window-controlled protocol p. 158
• 6.4.6 Further discussion p. 160
• 6.5 Parameter Selection for AIMD p. 163
• 6.5.1 TCP-friendliness p. 163
• 6.5.2 rwnd, single AIMD flow p. 163
• 6.5.3 rwnds, multiple AIMD flows p. 164
• 6.5.4 Parameter selection procedure p. 165
• 6.6 Performance Evaluation p. 166
• 6.6.1 Single AIMD flow p. 166
• 6.6.2 Multiple AIMD flows p. 173
• 6.6.3 AIMD vs. TCP p. 174
• 6.6.4 AIMD vs. UDP p. 177
• 6.7 Summary p. 178
• 6.8 Problems p. 179
• 7 TCP-friendly Rate Control in Wireless Internet p. 181
• 7.1 Introduction p. 181
• 7.2 System Model p. 182
• 7.2.1 Truncated ARQ scheme p. 184
• 7.2.2 Wireless channel model p. 184
• 7.3 Analytical Model for Rate-controlled Flows p. 184
• 7.3.1 Link utilization and packet loss rate p. 186
• 7.3.2 Delay performance p. 189
• 7.4 Performance Evaluation p. 191
• 7.4.1 Packet loss rate p. 193
• 7.4.2 Link utilization p. 195
• 7.4.3 Delay outage rate p. 195
• 7.4.4 Effect of deterministic end-to-end delay p. 195
• 7.5 Summary p. 198
• 7.6 Problems p. 198
• 8 Multimedia Services in Wireless Random Access Networks p. 201
• 8.1 Brief History of Random Access Technologies p. 201
• 8.2 IEEE 802.11 Protocol p. 202
• 8.2.1 DCF p. 204
• 8.2.2 Ready-to-send/clear-to-send p. 204
• 8.3 WLAN with Saturated Stations p. 205
• 8.3.1 Throughput analysis p. 206
• 8.3.2 Average frame service time p. 209
• 8.4 WLAN with Unbalanced Traffic p. 209
• 8.4.1 Analytical model p. 210
• 8.4.2 Case study: voice capacity analysis p. 213
• 8.4.3 Simulation results p. 220
• 8.5 TFRC in the Mobile Hotspot p. 223
• 8.5.1 System description p. 225
• 8.5.2 TFRC throughput analysis p. 231
• 8.5.3 Numerical results p. 234
• 8.6 Summary p. 242
• 8.7 Problems p. 242
• Appendices p. 245
• Appendix A TCP and AQM Overview p. 247
• A.1 TCP Protocol p. 247
• A.1.1 TCP connection management p. 247
• A.1.2 TCP error control p. 247
• A.1.3 TCP flow control and congestion control p. 249
• A.2 Active Queue Management p. 251
• Appendix B Datagram Congestion Control Protocol Overview p. 253
• B.1 DCCP-2: TCP-like Congestion Control p. 253
• B.2 DCCP-3: TFRC Congestion Control p. 254
• References p. 255
• Index p. 269