Oceans : an illustrated reference

Four billion years old, the oceans formed as the Earth's scorching surface cooled, the primordial atmosphere condensed, and torrential rains fell. Their color is the unique signature of our blue planet, their composition a chemical cocktail of remarkable variety, their waters a theater of constant change.

Oceans: An Illustrated Reference tells the story of this last great frontier. With hundreds of beautiful full-color photographs and explanatory diagrams, charts, and maps, Oceans combines the visual splendor of ocean life with up-to-date scientific information to provide an invaluable and fascinating resource on this vital realm. Covering all major areas of oceanographic knowledge and research, Oceans is divided into two parts. The first, "Ocean Systems," examines the physical nature of the oceans, including plate tectonics, temperature and climate, waves and tides, natural resources and much more. The second, "Ocean Life,"explores biodiversity, evolution and adaptation, marine ecosystems and complex communities, and the preservation of fragile marine environments.

Oceans also offers readers a host of tools to better understand the magnificent world of the sea. A special section of bathymetric maps-made possible by satellite observation, deep-towed surveying craft, and remotely operated submarine vessels-provides a view of the depth and texture of ocean floors around the globe, giving us a glimpse of worlds rarely seen. And throughout the book, engagingly written special features delve into specific marine environments and phenomena such as the lost Tethys Ocean, from which the Himalayas were born. Cross-references and a detailed index help readers navigate this multifaceted volume, and a glossary provides clear definitions of scientific vocabulary.

Although the oceans are vast, their resources are finite. Oceans clearly presents the future challenge to us all-that of ensuring that our common ocean heritage is duly respected, wisely managed, and carefully harnessed for the benefit of the whole planet. Lavishly illustrated and filled with current research, Oceans is a step in that direction: a rich, magnificent, and illuminating volume for anyone who has ever heard the siren song of the sea.

• Preface p. 6
• Introduction
• The Ocean Frontier p. 8
• The Lure of the Sea p. 10
• Great Voyages of Discovery p. 12
• Pioneers of Ocean Science p. 14
• Modern Oceanographic Research p. 16
• Ocean Systems
• 1 Plates on the Move p. 20
• The Ocean Planet p. 22
• Plate Tectonics and Time p. 26
• Backbone of the Oceans p. 30
• Collision and Slippage p. 34
• Oceans of the Past p. 38
• 2 Patterns & Cycles p. 42
• From Peak to Trough p. 44
• Where Land Meets Sea p. 48
• Patterns on the Seafloor p. 52
• Canyons, Slopes, and Fans p. 56
• Islands in Time p. 60
• 3 Salt, Sun, & Sea Level p. 64
• Why the Sea Is Salt p. 66
• Heat, Light, and Sound p. 70
• Ocean Layers p. 72
• Sea Level Rise and Fall p. 74
• 4 Silent, Swift, & Strong p. 80
• Riding the Waves p. 82
• Rhythm of the Tides p. 86
• Great Surface Currents p. 88
• Silent Cycles of the Deep p. 92
• Oceans and Climate p. 96
• 5 Hidden Riches of the Ocean p. 102
• Oil and Gas p. 104
• Renewable Marine Energy p. 110
• Minerals from the Sea p. 114
• Ocean Maps
• The Ocean Floor p. 118
• The Atlantic Ocean p. 120
• The Indian Ocean p. 126
• The Pacific Ocean p. 128
• The Polar Oceans p. 132
• Ocean Life
• 6 Evolution & Extinction p. 136
• Life Unfolds p. 138
• March through Time p. 142
• Mass Extinction p. 148
• 7 The Web of Life p. 150
• The Diversity of Life p. 152
• Cycles, Webs, and Flows p. 156
• The World of Phytoplankton p. 160
• The Zooplankton p. 164
• Algal Forests p. 166
• 8 Marine Lifestyles p. 170
• The Marine Environment p. 172
• Movement Underwater p. 174
• Heightened Senses p. 178
• Making a Living p. 182
• Sexual Encounters p. 188
• 9 Complex Communities p. 192
• Marine Habitats p. 194
• Shoreline Communities p. 196
• Wetlands p. 200
• Coral Reefs p. 204
• The Open Ocean p. 208
• The Deep-Sea Floor p. 210
• 10 Fragile Environments p. 214
• The Living Resource p. 216
• Marine Pollution p. 222
• Habitat Destruction p. 228
• Conclusion
• Future Challenge p. 234
• Climate Change p. 236
• A New Global Awareness p. 238
• Our Common Heritage p. 240
• Glossary p. 242
• Further Reading p. 249
• Picture Credits p. 249
• Index p. 250